91
Countries
1,656
Observations
225
Years (1800-2025)
+0.31
Mean Velocity/yr
±3.1
Std Deviation
MEAN VELOCITY BY ZONE (The Gravitational Pull)
⚠️ CLASSIFICATION NOTE: Zone velocities use ending-zone assignment (countries classified by period-end score). Starting-zone assignment yields materially different results (e.g., Tyranny Basin: +0.72/yr starting-zone vs −0.64/yr ending-zone). This sensitivity means zone velocity claims should be interpreted with caution. The "gravitational pull" narrative depends on the classification method chosen.
IMPORTANT: LOOK-AHEAD BIAS IN ZONE VELOCITY CALCULATIONS

The zone velocities shown below use ending-zone assignment: each country-year observation is classified by where the country ends up at the end of the measurement period. This introduces look-ahead bias -- countries that moved into a zone are counted in that zone's statistics even though they started elsewhere.

Starting-zone assignment (classifying by where the country was at the start of the period) yields materially different results across all zones:
The "gravitational pull" narrative (tyranny absorbs, democracy retains) is supported by ending-zone but contradicted by starting-zone analysis. Both methods have limitations. Ending-zone overstates basin "stickiness" because it includes countries that just arrived; starting-zone overstates escape tendency for the same reason. Robust conclusions require testing under both classification schemes. Readers should evaluate all zone velocity claims with this methodological sensitivity in mind.
Liberty Basin
L 80-100
+0.25
pts/yr mean
σ = 0.5 (very stable)
n = 191 obs
Upper Ridge
L 60-79
+1.42
pts/yr mean
σ = 3.4 (volatile)
n = 182 obs
Lower Ridge
L 40-59
+1.62
pts/yr mean
σ = 4.6 (most volatile)
n = 216 obs
Tyranny Slope
L 20-39
+0.75
pts/yr mean
σ = 3.0 (moderate)
n = 330 obs
Tyranny Basin
L 0-19
-0.64
pts/yr mean
σ = 2.5 (absorbing)
n = 646 obs
TOP 10 FASTEST DECLINES IN HISTORY (Velocity ≤ -8/yr)
RankCountryYearLibertyVelocityRelative SpeedContext
1🇲🇲 Myanmar2021L=5-25.0/yr
Military coup
2🇰🇷 South Korea1961L=10-18.0/yr
Park Chung-hee coup
⚠️ METHODOLOGY NOTE: The PTI score of L≈48 reflects the author's real-time institutional assessment incorporating executive action pace through early 2026. Published indices score the US higher: Freedom House 83/100 (2024 report), V-Dem LDI ≈0.65–0.72 (scaled: ~65–72). The divergence reflects the PTI's faster update cycle, weighting toward institutional constraint erosion, and incorporation of events post-dating published index coverage. All claims should be evaluated under both the author's PTI and established indices.
3🇺🇸 United States2025L=48-18.0/yr
No coup—elite compliance
4🇪🇬 Egypt2013L=8-17.0/yr
Sisi coup vs Morsi
5🇭🇺 Hungary1849L=8-17.0/yr
Habsburg crushing
6🇬🇧 United Kingdom1940L=55-17.0/yr
WWII emergency powers
7🇨🇱 Chile1973L=5-15.7/yr
Pinochet coup
8🇨🇿 Czechoslovakia1939L=5-15.0/yr
Nazi occupation
9🇲🇱 Mali2021L=10-12.0/yr
Second coup
10🇩🇪 Germany1933L=10-8.8/yr
Nazi seizure
EVENT HORIZON CROSSINGS (L 52-55 Threshold)
DOWNWARD CROSSINGS
15
total in dataset (1800-2025)
Recent (post-2000):
🇦🇷 Argentina 2001 (72→55, recovered 2005)
🇮🇩 Indonesia 2019 (65→58)
🇺🇸 United States 2025 (84→48)
UPWARD CROSSINGS
53
total in dataset (1800-2025)
Recent (post-2000):
🇦🇷 Argentina 2005, 🇧🇬 Bulgaria 2005
🇬🇭 Ghana 2005, 🇮🇩 Indonesia 2010
🇷🇴 Romania 2005, 🇸🇳 Senegal 2025
KEY COUNTRY TRAJECTORIES (Peak → Current)
10060300🇩🇪 Germany95→91 (-0.3/yr)🇵🇱 Poland87→82 (recovered)🇭🇺 Hungary84→63 (-1.4/yr)🇺🇸 USA94→48 (-18/yr)🇹🇷 Turkey55→18 (-3.1/yr)🇷🇺 Russia38→10 (-0.9/yr)Slope of line = velocity (steeper = faster decline)
WHAT THE DATA REVEALS
The US velocity (-18/yr) is historically unprecedented for a consolidated democracy. Every other case at this speed involved a military coup (Myanmar, South Korea, Egypt, Chile) or foreign invasion (Czechoslovakia, UK wartime). The US is achieving coup-level velocity through elite compliance alone—no tanks required.

The tristable model is confirmed: the Tyranny Well has negative mean velocity (-0.64/yr), pulling countries deeper. The Democratic Plateau is stable (+0.25/yr, σ=0.5). The Event Horizon ridgeline is where the action is—highest volatility (σ=4.6), where small pushes create large movements. The US has fallen off this ridgeline and is accelerating downhill.
⚠ Temporal Comparability Note

This analysis combines data from three distinct source periods with different measurement methodologies: author estimates (pre-1972), original Freedom House scoring (1972-2005), and revised FH methodology (2006-2025). Era-specific sensitivity analysis largely confirms the pooled results. See fh-sensitivity-results.md for details.